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Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 7, 27 July 2023 , Page 17-32
Chapter 7:
Influence of Mechanical Vibrations on the Efficiency of Highly Mounted PV Panels
Authors: R. Shenouda M. S. Abd-Elhady Amir R. Ali H. Kandil
Publisher: B P International.
ISBN 978-81-19491-20-9 (Print)
ISBN 978-81-19491-21-6 (eBook)
Location: Department of Ocean Engineering, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Year of publication: 2023.
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Short text: This chapter highlights the Influence of Mechanical Vibrations on the Efficiency of Highly Mounted PV Panels. The energy crisis and the climate change are leading the world to decrease the dependence on fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable. The simplest system for direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is the Photovoltaic (PV) panels. Dust and dirt accumulation on the panel's surface impairs the performance of the PV panel; it decreases the output power and consequently lowers the efficiency of the PV panel resulting in decreasing the performance. In the first of two experiments, the effect of increasing the mechanical vibrator's rotational speed on the vibration's amplitude was examined. It was discovered that as the rotational speed is increased, the vibration's amplitude increases, which lowers the rate at which dust accumulates. On the other hand, the influence of increasing the vibration time on the dust accumulation rate has been investigated in the second experiment. This experiment consists of three PV panels mounted on a light post; the first panel is a reference panel for comparison, while the other two panels consist of a dust shield, an antistatic hydrophilic coating and a mechanical vibrator operating for 2 min and 4 min, respectively. The percentage drop in efficiency after 6 weeks of operation in case of the reference panel and vibrating the PV panel for 2 min and 4 min, are 19.02%, 13.75% and 11.14%, respectively. It was found that increasing the vibration time from 2 to 4 min, decreases the percentage drop in efficiency by 27% and 41%, as compared to the reference panel. A further indication of the effectiveness of the vibration duration on the established dust mitigation technique on PV panels operating light posts is that the maintenance time, in cases of the 2 min and 4 min of vibrations, is one and two weeks longer than the reference panel. It can be concluded from the conducted research that increasing the rotational speed of the mechanical vibrator increases the amplitude of vibration.
Fundamentals of Vibroacoustics Optical Sensors Based on WGM
Authors: Haidi H. Badawi and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
ISBN-13: 978-613-9-47363-2.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2019.
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Short text: In this book, an opto-mechanical frequency analyser (OMFA) is designed using micro-optical dielectric resonators based on whispering gallery modes (WGM). This sensor mimics the passive frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane. It is mainly composed of a cantilever array made of five aluminum beams with various lengths. To characterise the frequency selectivity of the OMFA, optical sensors were mechanically coupled to the cantilever beams to measure their mechanical responses.
PID Controller, Fabrication And Simulation For The XYZ Gantry Robot
Authors: Engy A. Kassem and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-613-9-99567-7.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2019.
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With the ingrowing technology, there is a huge potential in finding solutions to our daily problems. By the help of science and robotics, the potential is even doubled. Advanced technology is being discovered and used in our favor including brain signals. Nowadays, brain signals can be used to control various type of applications as well as being used as electrical signals and use them in our advanced projects which is a part of the aim of this book. This book focuses on the idea of controlling a robot using brain signals to play a game. A robot is fabricated using specific materials that fits the requirements of the game chosen then the game is implemented virtually and simulated before simulating it on the robot. Then, the robot and brain signals are interfaced to achieve the required aim which is playing a game using only our brains.
Fundamentals of Vibroacoustics Optical Sensors Based on WGM
Authors: Haidi H. Badawi and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
ISBN-13: 978-613-9-47363-2.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2019.
______________________________
Short text: In this book, an opto-mechanical frequency analyser (OMFA) is designed using micro-optical dielectric resonators based on whispering gallery modes (WGM). This sensor mimics the passive frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane. It is mainly composed of a cantilever array made of five aluminum beams with various lengths. To characterise the frequency selectivity of the OMFA, optical sensors were mechanically coupled to the cantilever beams to measure their mechanical responses.
PID Controller, Fabrication And Simulation For The XYZ Gantry Robot
Authors: Engy A. Kassem and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-613-9-99567-7.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2019.
______________________________
With the ingrowing technology, there is a huge potential in finding solutions to our daily problems. By the help of science and robotics, the potential is even doubled. Advanced technology is being discovered and used in our favor including brain signals. Nowadays, brain signals can be used to control various type of applications as well as being used as electrical signals and use them in our advanced projects which is a part of the aim of this book. This book focuses on the idea of controlling a robot using brain signals to play a game. A robot is fabricated using specific materials that fits the requirements of the game chosen then the game is implemented virtually and simulated before simulating it on the robot. Then, the robot and brain signals are interfaced to achieve the required aim which is playing a game using only our brains.
Authors: Khaled El-Agha, Amir R. Ali, Imam Morgan
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-613-9-95194-9.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2018.
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Recently jumping robots take a trend in the locomotion research track. One of these jumping robots what so called the baton robot. Baton mechanism is consist of two masses connected by a rod. This interesting mechanism take place in the recent research starting from studying this mechanism passively moving to make it active mechanism using different impulsive techniques. In this thesis, a part of the baton robot will be studied and discussed in details. First starting with the two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) model moving to the three degrees of freedom (3 DOF) model. Also two different types of controllers will be tested on it. The two controllers are classical PID controller and a nonlinear controller which is sliding mode control (SMC). Another thing that will be taken into consideration is the effect of sensing element on the control techniques that will be used to control the robot. These two sensors are the typical shaft encoder which represent the inertial actuation approach (IAA) and the new proposed optical sensor based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) which represent the optical actuation approach (OAA).
WGM Optical Sensors For Mechatronics Applications: Biomedical and Industrial Automation
Authors: Yasmin M. Massoud and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-613-9-91982-6.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2018.
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A high-resolution bio-optical sensor is developed for brain activity measurement. The aim is to develop an optical sensor with enough sensitivity to detect small electric field perturbations caused by neuronal action potential. The sensing element is a polymeric dielectric micro-resonator fabricated in a spherical shape with a few hundred microns in diameter. They are made of optical quality polymers that are soft which make them mechanically compatible with tissue. The sensors are attached to or embedded in optical fibers which serve as input/output conduits for the sensors. Hundreds or even thousands of spheres can be attached to a single fiber to detect and transmit signals at different locations. In this book we recently demonstrated the feasibility of micro-optical sensors as solution for bio-medical sensing devices and Industrial Automation as well.
Electric Field Detection Using Whispering-Gallery Modes Cavities: Mathematical Models and Simulation
Authors: Mohamed A. Kamel and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-3-659-82944-4.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2018.
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This book presents and verifies the mathematical model of an electric field senor based on the whispering gallery mode (WGM). The sensing element is a dielectric microsphere, where the light is used to tune the optical modes of the microsphere. The light undergoes total internal reflection along the circumference of the sphere; then it experiences optical resonance. The WGM are monitored as sharp dips on the transmission spectrum. These modes are very sensitive to morphology changes of the sphere, such that, for every minute change in the sphere’s morphology, a shift in the transmission spectrum will happen and that is known as WGM shifts. Due to the electrostriction effect, the applied electric field will induce forces acting on the surface of the dielectric sphere. In turn, these forces will deform the sphere causing shifts in its WGM spectrum. The applied electric field can be obtained by calculating these shifts. Navier’s equation for linear elasticity is used to model the deformation of the sphere to find the WGM shift.The finite element numerical studies are performed to verify the introduced model and to study the behavior of the sensors.
Authors: Abdelkarim Saleh and Amir R. Ali
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-613-9-83852-3.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2018.
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The biocompatible cutting edge research technologies of optical sensors are starting to play a huge role due to the high quality factors they can exhibit. The magnetic field detection on the other hand is an important key serving tons of applications ranging from industrial to biomedical field applications. This work extensively covers experimental techniques for the possibility of magnetic field detection using WGM based optical sensors starting from fabrication, development and ending with industrial and biomedical applications.
Author: Amir R. Ali.
Publisher: Lambert.
ISBN: 978-620-2-07891-7.
Location: Düsseldorf, Germany.
Year of publication: 2017.
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In this book, we have been creating optomechanical systems, which at their most basic, are extraordinarily sensitive sensors. One of the ultimate goals of this book is to develop sensors capable of detecting the extremely small electric field changes. The eventual use of such ultra-sensitive electric filed sensors could include neural-machine interfaces for advanced prosthetics devices. The work presented here includes a basic analysis and experimental investigations.